Dominant Learning “Styles”/Modes

• David A. Kolb

  • Concrete, Reflective, Abstract, Active

• Grasha-Riechmann

  • Participant/Avoidant, Independent/Dependent, Collaborative/Competitive

• Costa & McCrae 5-Factor Theory

  • Neurotic, Extravert, Open, Agreeable, Conscientious

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Kolb emphasizes active learning modes. The Grasha-Riechmann and the Costa & McCrae 5-Factor models identify ways that people approach tasks, such as learning activities.

To be successful, on-line instruction has to be deliberately designed to provide learning activities that relate to a variety of learning modes. Much on-line instruction is simply “shovelware,” that is, converting syllabi, notes, lectures, and handouts in HTML and calling it an “on line” course.